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Major Robert Gill was an army officer, antiquarian, painter and photographer in British India. He is best known for his paintings, copying the frescoes of the Ajanta Caves. Gill was the first painter – after their rediscovery in 1819 – to make extensive copies of the Buddhist cave paintings, which mostly date to the 5th century CE. His surviving copies and drawings remain significant in Ajanta studies as the originals have significantly deteriorated since his time.

Sir Walter Elliot was a British civil servant in colonial India. He was also an eminent orientalist, linguist, archaeologist, naturalist and ethnologist who worked mainly in the Presidency of Madras. Born in Edinburgh, he studied at the East India Company College at Haileybury and joined the East India Company's civil service at Madras in 1820 and worked until 1860. He was invested Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in 1866.

The International Congress of Orientalists, initiated in Paris in 1873, was an international conference of Orientalists. The first thirteen meetings were held in Europe; the fourteenth congress was held in Algiers in 1905 and some of the subsequent conferences were also held outside Europe. The Proceedings of the Congresses were usually published. The International Congress of Orientalists was renamed as the International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa in 1973 and subsequently as the International Congress of Asian and North African Studies. it continues to be active.