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The Academy was founded in 1825 when Count István Széchenyi offered one year's income of his estate for the purposes of a Learned Society at a district session of the Diet in Pressburg (Pozsony, present Bratislava, seat of the Hungarian Parliament at the time), and his example was followed by other delegates. Its task was specified as the development of the Hungarian language and the study and propagation of the sciences and the arts in Hungarian. It received its current name in 1845.

Alexander Csoma de Koros was a Hungarian philologist who wrote the first Tibetan-English dictionary. He studied oriental languages in Gottingen and lived from 1819 to his death in 1842 in the Indian sub-continent studying the languages and the people.

Eugène Burnouf (April 8, 1801 – May 28, 1852) was an eminent French scholar and orientalist who made significant contributions to the deciphering of Old Persian cuneiform.

Julius von Mohl was a German Orientalist. From 1826 to 1833 he was nominally professor at Tübingen, but had permission to continue his studies abroad, and passed some years in London and Oxford. He resigned his chair at Tübingen in 1834, and settled permanently in Paris. In 1844 he was nominated to the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1847 he became professor of Persian at the Collège de France. But his knowledge and interest extended to all departments of Oriental learning. He served for many years as secretary, and then as president, of the Société Asiatique. He died in Paris on 3 January 1876.

Eugène Jacquet (1811-1838) was one of the earliest European scholars to make a comprehensive study of the numerical notations in India. He was born in Brussels on 10 May 1811. His family moved to Paris when he was two years old and after an education in Classical Studies he concentrated on eastern studies learning Persian, Arabic, Chinese, and Sanskrit. Eugène Jacquet was introduced to the Société Asiatique, Paris, on 7 September 1829 where he became soon one of the most active members. On 7 July 1838, he died of exhaustion, with a pencil and a notebook in his hands, amongst the coins sent to him by General Court because Jacquet was recognized as an authority in Indian epigraphy and numismatics.